antidepressant medications & antipsychotics. It is most easily observed when the hands are stretched out. VII - TREMORS OF OUTSTRETCHED HANDS: Medication-Induced Postural Tremor, withdrawal states (related to e.g: alcohol, cannabis, sedative-hypnotic)Īccording the DSM 5 (+ DSM-IV) a so-called condition named Medication-Induced Postural Tremor - such as: Alcohol Withdrawal & Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal - is featured with a tremorn with a regular, rhythmic oscillation of the limbs (most commonly hands and fingers) with a frequency of between 8 and 12 cycles per second. This implicates that context should always become decisive in the process of assessing the significance of these hand behaviors! Therefore it is crucial to understand that the listed hand behaviors in isolation (from other significant contextual clues) should not get associated with any mental disorder directly. This article presents an overview of the most significant hand beviors mentioned in both systems, which include a wide range of extraordinary disorders, e.g social phobia, OCD, ADHD, autism, depression & psychotic disorders!īehavior specialists in psychology are generally more interested in answering the question 'why do people use hand gestures?' instead of answering the question 'what is the meaning of a specific gesture?', because the context is usually decisive regarding the motives why people start using body language. Interestingly, both diagnostic tools make various references to body language behaviors involving the hands. This is for example illustrated by the role of hand behaviors in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV + DSM-5, presented in 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association) & the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ( ICD-10 chapter V, presented in 1992 bij the WHO), which are today recognized to represent the world's leading sources for the classification of psychiatric disorders. But sometimes hand behaviors are recognized to have univeral value. Hand behaviors (read: hand gestures, hand movements, hand signs, etc.) in different cultures may imply different meanings, this is even seen in the deaf cultures around the world which communicate using different hand sign languages. Five other hand behaviors associated with psychopathology.XI - Poor handwriting: Specific Learning Disorder with Impairment in Written Expression.X - Hand wringing: agitation in Major Depressive Episode, Rett's syndrome (Autism Spectrum Disorder).IX - Hand biting: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Stereotypic Movement Disorder.VIII - Hand flapping/finger flicking: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Delirium.VII - Tremor of outstretched hands: withdrawal states (related to e.g.: alcohol, cannabis, sedative-hypnotic).VI - Skin picking disorder: Excoriation (Impulse Control Disorder), Amphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder.V - Hair pulling disorder: Trichotillomania (Impulse Control Disorder).
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